Hour 1

1.      Introduction
2.      Drugs for UD/MDD
3.      Treatment Variations for Cases of UD/MDD

Hour 2

1.      What Can Be Done for Treatment-Resistant UD/MDD
2.      Psychotherapy
3.      Herbal Remedies
4.      Ginseng

Hour 3

1.      Valerian Root
2.      Omega-3 Fatty Acids
3.      Experimental Approaches
4.      Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS)
5.      Addendum

Learning Objectives

1. Identify pharmacological, herbal, and integrative approaches useful in remission-oriented management of unipolar depression/major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
2. Outline the issues of neurotransmitter-affecting medications, associated side effects, and interactions with other medications, including drugs used in dental practice.
3. Discuss the optimal strategies for treatment augmentation in cases of treatment-resistant depression.
4. Discuss experimental treatments for depression (e.g., transcranial magnetic therapy and vagus nerve stimulation) with patients.