Identifies and discusses the principles of medical ethics. Defines and distinguishes between ethics, morals, and values. Identifies the ethical obligations in a clinician-patient relationship. Explains the issues surrounding patient consent, including informed consent, voluntary consent, and competent consent. Discusses ethical principles in preserving patients’ confidentiality, including the requirements of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Explains the legal documents that apply to end-of-life health care decisions and the ethical principles that apply to the right-to-die controversy. Identifies the core values and code of ethics as they should be applied within the medical professions.

Describes probiotics and their relationship to bacteria, yeasts, parasites, and viruses. Discusses how probiotics affect the healthy immune system. Explains antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Describes how probiotics can be helpful in preventing and treating certain diseases and conditions. Identify good food sources of probiotics and prebiotics. Identify how to select probiotic supplements considering their risks and benefits. Describes how healthcare professionals can use this information to improve patient education and outcomes.

Lists causes and health hazards of falls. Outlines methods of preventing falls among the elderly. Lists the techniques for improving balance among the elderly. Describes procedures to prevent falls and reduce the risks of injury.